How Aging Affects the Body’s Ability to Stay Warm or Cool

Most people rarely think about maintaining a comfortable body temperature. However, as we live longer, our body’s natural ability to regulate heat can change, making us more susceptible to temperature extremes. 

Whether they’re braving the winter chill or trying to stay cool during a heatwave, older adults often face unique challenges in maintaining comfort and safety. Supportive communities and loved ones can help older adults maintain proper well-being, regardless of the temperature.

What Is Temperature Intolerance?  

Temperature intolerance refers to the body’s reduced ability to manage heat or cold effectively. People with temperature intolerance may experience excessive coldness in moderate weather or struggle with overheating in slightly warm temperatures.  

For older adults, these intolerances can become more pronounced, stemming from a variety of natural age-related changes in the body. Understanding why this happens is the first step in staying safe and comfortable.  

What Causes Heat & Cold Intolerance as You Age?  

Several factors contribute to temperature intolerance as we grow older. Here are the primary factors responsible for this shift in how the body responds to temperature extremes.  

Reduced Insulation  

Our skin and body fat play a critical role in insulating us from cold temperatures. However, as we grow older, the layers of fat beneath the skin tend to thin out. With less insulation, the body loses heat more quickly in cold environments, making older adults more susceptible to the effects of chilly weather or sudden temperature drops.  

Slower Metabolism  

Metabolism generates body heat. A slower metabolism, which is common as we get older, means it takes longer to warm up after being exposed to cold temperatures. This can make older adults feel colder even in moderately cool conditions.  

Impaired Heat Transfer  

As we get older, our bodies may become less efficient at dissipating heat. This process is essential in staying cool. When it slows, older adults are at higher risk of overheating or heat stroke.  

Changes in Blood Vessels  

Blood vessels work like heating and cooling systems in the body. Typically, they constrict in cold weather to preserve heat and dilate in warm weather to dissipate it. However, aging leads to less flexible blood vessels, reducing the efficiency of this process.  

Reduced Thermoregulation Sensitivity  

Our hypothalamus, the part of the brain responsible for regulating body temperature, may decline in function the longer we live. Additionally, nerve endings that signal sensations of cold or heat become less sensitive, meaning older adults might not notice temperature changes until it’s too late to act.  

Increased Risks with Temperature Intolerance  

Temperature intolerance in older adults isn’t just about discomfort. If left unmanaged, it can lead to serious health risks.

Hypothermia in Cold Weather  

Your body loses heat faster than it can generate it, causing a dangerously low body temperature. Older adults have a higher risk of hypothermia, even indoors, especially if heating systems are inadequate or if they’re wearing insufficient layers. Early signs of hypothermia include shivering, confusion, and fatigue.  

Heat Stroke in Warm Weather  

Heat stroke is a life-threatening condition that happens when the body cannot cool itself quickly enough to counteract high temperatures. Symptoms may include a rapid pulse, dizziness, and even loss of consciousness. 

Older adults are particularly vulnerable to heat stroke because their sweat mechanism may be less efficient, and their ability to recognize overheating may be delayed.  

Cold Weather Safety Tips for Older Adults  

With the proper precautions, staying warm in cold weather doesn’t have to be a challenge. Here are some practical tips to help older adults remain safe during chilly months.  

• Layer Up Smartly: To effectively trap heat, wear multiple layers of clothing. Base layers made from moisture-wicking fabrics, followed by insulating materials like wool, and topped with a weatherproof jacket, can provide maximum warmth and protection.  
• Keep Your Home Warm: Keep the indoor temperature at a minimum of 68°F. If heating costs are a concern, consider closing off unused rooms, sealing windows, and using draft stoppers under doors to conserve heat.  
• Drink Warm Fluids: Warm beverages, such as tea and soup, can help raise your body temperature and keep you hydrated during the cooler months.  
• Use Electric Blankets Wisely: Electric blankets can add a touch of comfort, but should be used with caution to avoid burns. Set them to a low or moderate temperature.  
• Check In Often: Caregivers must regularly check in with older adults during cold spells, especially if they live alone. They must also ensure that they have adequate heating and a stash of warm clothing.  

Warm Weather Safety Tips for Older Adults  

When temperatures soar, the risk of heat-related illnesses rises, especially for older adults. Follow these tips to stay cool and avoid overheating.  

• Stay Indoors During Peak Heat: Avoid going outside during the hottest part of the day, typically between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m. Instead, run errands or go for walks early in the morning or late in the evening when the temperatures are lower.  
• Keep Hydrated: Drink plenty of water throughout the day, even if you don’t feel thirsty. Avoid beverages with caffeine or alcohol, as they can contribute to dehydration.  
• Dress Lightly: Wear loose-fitting, lightweight, and breathable fabrics like cotton to allow air to circulate and sweat to evaporate effectively.  
• Use Fans or Air Conditioning: If you don’t have air conditioning, use fans strategically and close curtains or blinds to block direct sunlight. Consider visiting cool public spaces, such as libraries or shopping centers, during periods of high heat.  
• Watch for Warning Signs: Be alert to symptoms of heat stress, such as excessive sweating, nausea, or lightheadedness. If these occur, move to a cooler environment immediately and seek medical help if necessary.  

Staying Safe & Comfortable Through the Seasons  

Living longer can bring changes, but armed with knowledge and preparation, older adults can face temperature challenges with confidence. Whether it’s bundling up against the winter chill or strategizing for sizzling summer days, simple adjustments can go a long way in staying safe and comfortable.  

Juniper Village at Forest Hills knows that we’re all unique, and so is our approach to handling the effects of temperature intolerance. Notice what works best, stay prepared, and always prioritize safety. Contact us today to learn how we help support older adult health in every type of weather.